• Total solar eclipse set to take place over Europe next month
  • London can expect 84% coverage with parts of Scotland reaching 94%
  • Total eclipse of the sun will occur in Northern Norway and Faroe Islands
  • It will be the biggest event of its kind since 11 August 1999
  • Astronomers said there will not be another total eclipse until 2026
  • March solar eclipse may cause power supply glitches across Europe
  • Solar power is now 10.5% of renewable sources, up from 0.1% in 1999
A solar eclipse is set to block out nearly 90 per cent of sunlight across parts of Europe next month - and it will be the biggest event of its kind in 16 years. 
On 20 March, the moon's orbit will see it travel in front of the sun, casting a shadow over Earth. 
The eclipse will see up to 84 per cent of the sun covered in London - and around 94 per cent in Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh.
Meanwhile, electricity system operators have warned the eclipse poses a serious risk of blackouts all over Europe as the continent increasingly relies on solar power.



The path of totality for next month's eclipse will travel from just beneath the Greenland peninsula, heading north into the Arctic Circle. The left-hand animation shows the totality of the 1999 eclipse. The right-hand animation shows how the shadow created by the eclipse on 20 March will travel over Europe
The event is taking place on the morning of 20 March, and a partial eclipse will be visible across Europe, North Africa and Russia for about 90 minutes. 
Northern Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands will experience a full eclipse, known as totality. 
Dr Steve Bell, head of the HM Nautical Almanac Office told MailOnline that Torshavn in the Faroe Islands will see two minutes and two seconds of totality. 
And the maximum duration of totality will be two minutes 47 seconds at a point 186 miles (300km) to the east of Iceland in the Norwegian Sea.
In London, the partial eclipse - when the moon starts touching the sun's edge - will start at 8.45am GMT. The maximum eclipse will hit at 9.31am and this will be the point when the moon is closest to the centre of the sun.
By 10.41am the moon will leave the sun's edge and the partial eclipse will end. 
The solar eclipse is set to block out nearly 90 per cent of sunlight across parts of Europe next month. On the morning of the 20 March the moon's orbit will see it travel in front of the sun casting a shadow over Earth - and the eclipse will be the biggest event of its kind since 11 August 1999 (pictured over Germany)
The solar eclipse is set to block out nearly 90 per cent of sunlight across parts of Europe next month. On the morning of the 20 March the moon's orbit will see it travel in front of the sun casting a shadow over Earth - and the eclipse will be the biggest event of its kind since 11 August 1999 (pictured over Germany)
This animation is designed to appear from the 'point of view' of the eclipse as it will occur on March 20. It shows the shadow being cast over the UK, Greenland, Europe and into Russia
The path of totality of next month's eclipse travels from just beneath the Greenland peninsula, heading north into the Arctic Circle. 
Totality is the path the full shadow travels across the surface of the Earth, while a partial solar eclipse will be visible over a region thousands of miles wide.
Dr Bell added: 'The path of totality lies well to the northwest of the UK making landfall over the Faroe Islands and Svalbard as totality moves towards the North Pole.

WHAT IS A TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE? 

A total solar eclipse is only visible from a certain region on Earth and those who can see it are in the centre of the moon's shadow when it hits Earth. For a total eclipse to take place, the sun, moon and Earth must be in a direct line. The totality of the 11 August 1999 eclipse is shown
A total solar eclipse is only visible from a certain region on Earth and those who can see it are in the centre of the moon's shadow when it hits Earth. For a total eclipse to take place, the sun, moon and Earth must be in a direct line. The totality of the 11 August 1999 eclipse is shown
An eclipse occurs when one heavenly body, such as a moon or planet, moves into the shadow of another. On Earth there are two types - lunar eclipses and solar eclipses.
Lunar eclipse: For a lunar eclipse, the Earth moves between the sun and the moon and blocks sunlight normally reflected by the moon. 
Instead of light hitting the moon’s surface, Earth's shadow falls on it and a lunar eclipse can only happen when the moon is full. 
Solar eclipse: By comparison, a solar eclipse occurs when the orbit of the moon moves it between the sun and Earth. 
A solar eclipse occurs when the orbit of the moon moves it between the sun and Earth. When this happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun 
A solar eclipse occurs when the orbit of the moon moves it between the sun and Earth. When this happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun 
When this happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun reaching Earth and the moon casts a shadow on Earth. 
Types of shadow: During a solar eclipse, the moon casts two shadows on Earth.
The first shadow is called the umbra, and this gets smaller as it reaches Earth.
The second shadow is known as the penumbra, and this gets larger as it reaches Earth. 
There are additionally three types of solar eclipses:
Total: A total solar eclipse is only visible from a certain region on Earth and those who can see it are in the centre of the moon's shadow when it hits Earth. 
For a total eclipse to take place, the sun, moon and Earth must be in a direct line.
People standing in the umbra will see a total eclipse and this will occur over the Faroe Islands on 20 March. 
Partial solar eclipse: This occurs when the sun, moon and Earth don't line up exactly.
People standing in the penumbra will see a partial eclipse. 
Annular: An annular eclipse happens when the moon is farthest from Earth. Because the moon is further from Earth, it appears smaller.  
As a result, it doesn't block the entire view of the sun. The moon in front of the sun resembles a dark disk on top of a larger sun-colored disk and creates what looks like a ring around the moon. 
'The UK will see this eclipse as a deep partial eclipse.
'The place that sees the deepest partial eclipse of the sun in the UK is the west coast of the Isle of Lewis close to Aird Uig.
'Here 98 per cent of the sun will be obscured at mid-eclipse at around 9:36am GMT. 
'Skies will darken for any location where the maximum obscuration exceeds 95 per cent which includes north-western Scotland, the Hebrides, Orkneys and Shetland Islands.'   


Solar eclipse hits the United Kingdom in August 1999
The solar eclipse  will see up to 84 per cent of the sun covered over London and around 94 per cent in the main cities in Scotland (pictured is a full eclipse over Australia in 2012). Northern Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands will experience a full eclipse for two minutes and nine seconds

The solar eclipse will see up to 84 per cent of the sun covered over London and around 94 per cent in the main cities in Scotland (pictured is a full eclipse over Australia in 2012). Northern Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands will experience a full eclipse for two minutes and nine seconds
The last solar eclipse of a similar size took place on 11 August 1999 and had an eclipse magnitude of 1.029.
An eclipse magnitude is the fraction of the sun’s diameter obscured by the moon. 
It is based on a ratio of diameters and differs from an eclipse obscuration, which is a measure of the sun’s surface area covered by the Moon. 
The value given is taken at the moment when the eclipse is at is maximum. 
The path of the moon's shadow in August 1999 began in the Atlantic Ocean before covering the south of the UK, northern France, Belgium, Luxembourg, southern Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia and Hungary. 

THE TOTAL ECLIPSE OF 1999 

The last solar eclipse of a similar size took place on 11 August 1999 and had an eclipse magnitude of 1.029.
An eclipse magnitude is the fraction of the sun’s diameter obscured by the moon. 
It is based on a ratio of diameters and differs from an eclipse obscuration, which is a measure of the sun’s surface area covered by the Moon. 
The value given is taken at the moment when the eclipse is at is maximum.  
The maximum of two minutes and 23 seconds of totality for the 1999 eclipse occurred close to Ramnicu Valcea in Romania.
It was said to have been the first total eclipse visible in Europe since 22 July 1990, and the first visible in the UK since 29 June 1927.  
It was said to have been the first total eclipse visible in Europe since 22 July 1990, and the first visible in the UK since 29 June 1927. 
Dr Bell continued: 'In a global context, the maximum duration of totality for next month’s eclipse will exceed the maximum of two minutes and 23 seconds of totality for the 1999 eclipse, which occurred close to Ramnicu Valcea in Romania. 
'This is still quite a long way short of the theoretical maximum duration of totality which can reach seven minutes 31 seconds.' 
There will not be another total eclipse until 2026. 
Tom Kerss, astronomer at The Royal Observatory Greenwich told MailOnline: 'Since the Moon is smaller than the Earth, and very far away, the properly dark shadow it casts will only be about 100 miles wide, and will spend most of its time darkening the chilly waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. 
'However, if the weather is clear, observers on Svalbard and the Faroes should experience almost three minutes of extraordinary day-time darkness.
'What’s more, lunar perigee - the time in the Lunar month when the Earth and Moon are closest together - will occur the evening before the eclipse. 
This makes our 2015 Spring Equinox eclipse a ‘supermoon’ eclipse - perhaps we should call that a supereclipse.
'Since the shadow of the moon will be ever so slightly larger in this scenario, it might appear slightly darker during totality, but in practise I think this would be difficult to detect, even by an experienced eclipse chaser. 
'Nevertheless, it’s nice to have a supermoon, equinox and eclipse all falling on the same day.
'It’ll be well worth taking a look outside to see the two most important astronomical bodies in our lives rising together, and witness the last eclipse to cover so much of the sun from Europe in over a decade.'
Since 1999, the use of solar power in Europe has gone from 0.1 per cent of electricity produced from renewable power sources to 10.5 per cent. 


These four animations illustrate how the eclipse will appear over Rome (top left), Paris (top right), London (bottom left) and the Faroe Islands (bottom right). Reloading the page will replay the animations. They were designed by the HM Nautical Almanac Office and reveal the time of the events and altitudes 
This could mean that transmission networks will have to cope with sharp drops and sudden surges in capacity as the eclipse takes place in the early hours of 20 March.

HOW TO WATCH THE ECLIPSE

Projection: Place a pinhole or small opening in a card, and hold it between the sun and a screen – giant sheet of white paper works – a few feet away.
Filters: The sun can be viewed directly only when using filters specifically designed for this purpose. Such filters have a thin layer of aluminum, chromium or silver on the surfaces.
Telescopes with solar filters: There are sun-specific telescopes available for sale - or perhaps through a local astronomy club - that are also safe for viewing a partial eclipse. 
'Solar eclipses have happened before but with the increase of installed photovoltaic energy generation, the risk of an incident could be serious without appropriate countermeasures,' European grid company lobby ENTSO-E said.
'Under a clear morning sky on 20 March, some 35,000 megawatts of solar energy, which is the equivalent of nearly 80 medium size conventional generation units, will gradually fade from Europe's electrical system before being gradually re-injected: all in the space of two hours.'
The organisation, which represents 41 electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 34 countries across Europe, added that the eclipse poses an unprecedented challenge for grids. 
Continental Europe overall has 87 GW of solar capacity, mainly in Germany, Italy and France.
German solar capacity alone has risen from just a few hundred MW in 2003, when the region last witnessed a major eclipse, to 38,200 MW now. 
The spread of huge solar arrays across the EU means that more than 10 per cent of the continent’s electricity now comes from solar panels. With power supply so reliant on the sun’s rays, the solar eclipse on 20 March might lead to blackouts. Experts have warned the eclipse poses ‘an unprecedented test for Europe’s system’
The spread of huge solar arrays across the EU means that more than 10 per cent of the continent’s electricity now comes from solar panels. With power supply so reliant on the sun’s rays, the solar eclipse on 20 March might lead to blackouts. Experts have warned the eclipse poses ‘an unprecedented test for Europe’s system’
Under German renewable laws, solar power takes priority when being fed into the grid to reach consumers.
Germany's four high-voltage power firms, in the heart of Europe, said separately they had commissioned studies on likely scenarios and are currently preparing for an 82 percent loss of sunshine between 08.30am and 11am on the day. 
The eclipse in 1999 saw no great impact on solar power because the industry was still in its infancy.  

...AND THE ECLIPSE COULD CAUSE POWER BLACKOUTS

The eclipse next month could disrupt solar power supplies across Europe, energy experts have warned.
The spread of huge solar arrays across the EU means that more than 10 per cent of the continent’s electricity now comes from solar panels.
With power supply so reliant on the sun’s rays, the solar eclipse on 20 March might lead to blackouts.
Electricity system operators have warned that the eclipse poses ‘an unprecedented test for Europe’s electricity system’.
The European Network Transmission System Operators for Electricity, a group of power supply organisations, said: ‘The risk of incident cannot be completely ruled out.
‘Solar eclipses have happened before but with the increase of installed photovoltaic energy generation, the risk of an incident could be serious without appropriate countermeasures.’
The organisation said it had been planning so-called ‘countermeasures’ for months, with suppliers across Europe set to help balance the load with more energy from other power stations as solar electricity drops off.  
The eclipse is not expected to cause blackouts in Britain because so little of our power comes from solar power.
Despite a boom in British solar arrays in recent years, particularly in southern England, solar power today provides just 1.5 per cent of our electricity needs.
The National Grid said it expected solar power output in Britain to halve from an average March figure of 3,000 megawatts to 1,700 megawatts.