JUST PUBLISHED AND AVAILABLE IN PAPERBACK AND KINDLE FORMAT VERY SOON

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DIET COLA IS IT MAKING YOU FAT AS WELL AS DAMAGING YOUR TEETH AND SKIN?

Very interesting article I came across in the Daily Mail. It's not something I really drink much of at all as I knew the acid attacks the tooth enamel but this article has some interesting findings

Why diet cola could be making you FATTER and WRINKLIER: Low-calorie drink could be to blame for spare tyre and withered skin

Diet colas have long been regarded as the dieter's friend - but one-calorie fizzy drinks may actually be the reason you can't shift that stubborn spare tyre.
Some health experts now believe the chemicals in the drink could actually be causing your body to lay down fat deposits around your middle - dubbed 'diet cola belly' - reports Get The Gloss. 

And that's not all: some experts also believe diet cola’s mix of carbonated water, colourings and sweeteners such as aspartame and acesulfame K could also speed up the ageing process, and have disastrous health consequences.

Diet cola is NOT going to help you lose weight, say health experts - and it could even cause wrinkles

Hoards of nutritionists and scientists now claim diet cola’s image as a 'healthy' alternative to the nine-teaspoons-of sugar, regular variety of the fizzy drink is wholly misplaced.

WEIGHT
The fructose, artificial sweeteners, and sugar alcohols (another type of low-calorie sweetener) present in diet colas can all interfere with natural gut bacteria, according to Amanda Payne of Switzerland’s Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health which published a paper in the journal Obesity Reviews.

Diet cola could be causing fat deposits around your middle, say health experts 

This messes up your metabolism and disrupts the body’s way of signaling to you that you’re full and satisfied.

As a consequence, the body pumps out insulin, the hormone that controls sugar levels and fat storage, so that you lay down what Toribio-Mateas calls 'diet cola belly in the form of more fat around the midriff' - just where you wanted to shed fat.
In addition to this: 'The fake sugars in the drink are hundreds of times sweeter than sugar and trick your brain into thinking real sugar is on the way,' says Toribio-Mateas. 'When the calories don’t arrive, it triggers a cascading effect that interferes with hunger signals, blood sugar levels and satiety.'

AGEING
Amanda Griggs, director of health and nutrition at the Balance Clinic in London, says: 'phosphoric acid, the ingredient that gives diet cola its appealing tangy taste and the tingle you get when it is swallowed, can cause a host of problems'. 

According to one, study, published in a 2010 issue of the FASEB Journal, it can even accelerate the ageing process. 

It found that the excessive phosphate levels found in sodas caused lab rats to die a full five weeks earlier than the rats whose diets had more normal phosphate levels.

The excessive phosphate levels found in sodas caused lab rats to die a full five weeks earlier than the rats whose diets had more normal phosphate levels

Phosphoric acid has also been linked to lower bone density in some studies, including a discussion in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

In experiments at Harvard University, the mineral was found to make skin and muscles wither and to damage the heart and kidneys over time. 

However, according to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), a consumer watchdog group not affiliated with the food industry, only a small fraction of the phosphate in diets comes from additives in soft drinks. Most comes from meat and dairy products. 

TEETH

The phosphoric acid in cola drinks erodes away tooth enamel, and the coloring makes the root go dark brown

Sian Porter, spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association says diet colas may lack sugar, but the acidic nature of artificially sweetened fizzy varieties means they still attack tooth enamel. 

'It’s not just the sugary drinks that are causing teeth problems,' says Porter. 'Sugar raises the risk of decay, but diet drinks are equally acidic and can cause erosion in the same way.'

HEALTH
It has also been shown to raise the risk of type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure by some researchers. To add to the dire news for diet cola fans, results of a ten-year study found a link with cardiovascular disease among those who drank it every day; cola drinkers were found to be 43 per cent more likely to suffer a stroke or heart attack during a ten-year period than those who abstained.

Other studies have shown that the phosphorus released from phosphoric acid in just two fizzy drinks a week can cause calcium to be leached from bones, raising the risk of osteoporosis.

Cola (both diet and regular varieties) seems particularly damaging to the skeleton. Typically, a can of diet cola contains 44-62mg of phosphoric acid - more than in many other soft drinks - and researchers at Tufts University in Boston showed that women who regularly drank three or more cans a day had four per cent lower bone mineral density in their hips compared to those who preferred other soft drinks.

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A LOVE SPELL

Seeds of Love
You may not be actually planting these seeds in the dirt, but this charm can help love to blossom. Cutesy enough for you? Well, this is a great love spell even if you don't like my plant metaphors. You'll need to get these items together:
• 9 sunflower seeds
• 9 dried beans
• 9 dry kernels of corn
• 9 grains of barley
• 9 dry chamomile buds
• 9 whole cloves
• Rose oil
• Glass bottle with stopper
• Red ribbon

You need to choose a bottle that will hold all the seeds, but won't have too much empty space at the top either. This Wiccan love spell should be performed on the night of the new moon.
Drop each of the seeds into the bottle, one by one. Yes, it's a bit tedious but that's how it's done. As you do so, repeat the following lines:

Seeds and spices, give me power
Time to make my love life flower
As the moon grows in the sky
This charm will make my wishes fly

When the bottle is filled, add 9 drops of rose oil to the top and stopper it up. Don't shake, you need to let the oil work its way down from the top. Tie the red ribbon in a bow around the bottle and place it somewhere quiet where it won't be disturbed. By the full moon, you should see some action in the love department.

 From Free-Witchcraft-Spells.Com

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DEALING WITH STRESS

I came across this below today and thought I would share with you.

Dealing with Stress!

A psychologist walked around a room while teaching stress management to an audience. As she raised a glass of water, everyone expected they’d be asked the “half empty or half full” question. Instead, with a smile on her face, she inquired: ”How heavy is this glass of water?”

Answers called out ranged from 8 oz. to 20 oz.

She replied, “The absolute weight doesn’t matter. It depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it’s not a problem. If I hold it for an hour, I’ll have an ache in my arm. If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb and paralyzed. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn’t change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.”

She continued, “The stresses and worries in life are like that glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and they begin to hurt. And if you think about them all day long, you will feel paralyzed – incapable of doing anything.”

It’s important to remember to let go of your stresses. As early in the evening as you can, put all your burdens down. Don’t carry them through the evening and into the night. Remember to put the glass down!

For ways to manage Stress click on the link here

 

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AN EASY KNOT SPELL TO ATTRACT LOVE

Spell magic is really an enforced thought form however it can only do so much, you still need to get out there to places where you are likely to meet love for lovers are not going to start suddenly banging on your door.

Three Knot Love Spell
Knot spells are relatively easy and with this one your intent and spell magic is bound up in the knots as you chant the spell below

WHAT YOU WILL REQUIRE
• A length of red ribbon at least 24 inches long

• Patchouli oil

• Ylang ylang oil

Put one or two drops of each oil into your palms, and rub them together. Run your fingers along the length of the ribbon to anoint it with oil. The three knots in the ribbon should be spaced out evenly along the length of the ribbon. Say each line of the spell as you tie each of the three knots:

With knot of one, my love will come

With knot of two, it shall be true

With knot of three, so mote it be

Loop  do not tie, the knotted ribbon around a bed post, bedside lamp or the doorknob to your bedroom.

 IMPORTANT
AS WITH ALL SPELLS AND WISHES YOU CAN HAVE WHAT YOU WANT PROVIDING IT IS NOT DETRIMENTAL TO SOMEONE ELSE (MEANING YOU CANNOT TAKE WHAT SOMEONE ELSE HAS) ALL WISHES AND SPELLS OF INTENT MUST BE PERFORMED TO THE HIGHEST GOOD ELSE THEY WILL REBOUND ON YOU

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A BINDING SPELL TO KEEP SOMEONE AWAY

This is one of the most basic binding spells, and used to keep someone away who is bothering you.  It doesn't really stop any specific action, just keeps them out of your path.

WHAT YOU NEED

• A piece of cardboard

• A long piece of black yarn

• Black marker

Cut out the rough shape of a person from the cardboard, and write the person's name on it in big letters with the marker. If you don't know their name, this spell won't be as effective but you can still give it a shot. Write how you know them instead (such as “annoying guy on bus").
Start chanting the following words, while you wrap the cardboard around and around with black yarn.

I bind you left,

I bind you right,

I bind you now,

Stay out of my sight

I bind you day,

I bind you night,

I bind you now,

With all my might

Keep repeating the words and wrapping until the little cardboard person is well covered-up. Tie three knots to secure the yarn.
You can then bury the charm outside. If you have an altar then you can place it there but if you do that, then repeat the chant each day to keep it working.




 

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TONIGHT IS THE NEW MOON (SPELL WORK)

To use lunar phase energy to enhance your spells just follow this simple rule.
To draw something to you, or for binding spells, cast your spell any time between three days after the new moon to the full moon, with the full moon being the best.

To send something away from you, or for banishing spells, cast your spell anytime between three days after the full moon to the new moon, with the day of the new moon being the best.

YOU WILL FIND A MOON PHASE APP ON THE RIGHT SIDE BAR OF THIS SITE

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GETTING RID OF EVIL SPIRITS

THE PENTAGRAM see below ***

Evil spirits control through fear. To get rid of them, replace fear with love, for perfect love cast out all fear. Without fear, the controlling ghost is unable to grasp the mind of another. It’s difficult I know but NO spirit can possess or control another soul, its the fear you generate that gives them the ammunition and power to create havoc. All they can do at worst if frighten and cause trouble but they cannot harm you.

Salt is very prevalent in folk remedies. It is thought to have the same purifying and cleansing properties as water. Just like water, some people prefer to have it blessed before they use it. Once blessed, or even not, make a line of the salt at the threshold of your door and windows and the corners of the room. The salt on the floor or ledge of these entryways will keep any spirit from entering your room. If you perform this act at entries of the entire house, the whole residence is assumed to be protected from entering spirits—whether they are vindictive or neutral.

The idea of using blessed water, whether by a Catholic priest or merely the head of a Wiccan cover, is a very old belief. Water is thought to be one of the neutral elements which can act as a transitory plane or a barrier. Its ability to cleanse and wash off anything that sullies the body in addition to its necessity for all living creatures makes most cultures believe in the sacredness of water in general. If you add the consecrated quality that is innate to water to a divine blessing of sorts, no matter what religion you prefer, you will create a naturally powerful element which will protect you against all types of evil spirits. Once you have your water blessed by the religious official of your choice, merely wet your fingers with the water then spread it across the top part of all the thresholds of the haunted room—doorways and windows. The barrier created by the blessed water should keep out the evil spirits at each of the room’s entryways.

Smudging is another good way to cleanse a room or property. Before you begin smudging to help attract positive energy around you need to de-clutter and clear out and tidy up. Any dead or dying houseplants/flowers have got to go. Empty bins and get rid of belongings that no longer serve you well, if you haven't worn it or used it for a year chances are you wont ever, so recycle it. Do the laundry, and tidy and clean your home, you can now smudge your surroundings. The traditional method is with sage and sweet grass and an abalone shell and with a feather. You light the sage and sweet grass bundle blow on it till smouldering and carry it in the abalone shell, this will induce smoke. The feather is used to waft the smoke to the areas you wish to smoke, remember you are dealing with a naked flame so be sensible and don't use it near combustible materials or gas sources etc. You can use incense Frankincense is ideal or a bell or even clap your hands if you have nothing available to hand. What is important is the intent. You are smudging to remove negative energy and attract positive energy in its place.

With rooms, homes, after you have de cluttered and cleaned, in each corner of each room, either waft the smoke, ring the bell or clap and with your mind focused and with intent ask that the negative energy is changed into positive energy. The reason I say changed if you simply ask for the negative energy to be removed, you are moving it out into the atmosphere and sending it to someone else.

You may find you have a bit of interference from lower elementals
The universe has its own vibration, Earth having the lowest in spiritual terms. After Earth comes the Astral realm, it is on this realm that we travel when we dream, its not unusual to see friends etc, in dream state, after all they will be traveling this realm too at night lol. It is on this realm where lower Elementals reside, i.e. wood nymphs, nature spirits, elves and fairies amongst others, and as often as in the case spirit who are trapped unable to move on also reside in this vibration. this is the same vibration used in psychic work. There are several spiritual realms each having a different vibration, with the most Celestial where the realms of the Angels are.

These entities live in the lower astral realms and they feed on negative energy, like everything else there is balance in the Universe, cause and effect, good and bad, so obviously they do not like the shift in negative energy, so you may find light bulbs will blow, computers act up, it will pass, focus on the positive and visualise this positive energy flowing throughout your home. When it comes to smudging people and possessions its basically the same technique wafting the smoke around yourself and visualising covering you and washing and cleansing all the negative energy into positive energy, same with the bell, its often easier to get a helper to do this for you, remember the key is by thought and intent. If you use incense or sage and sweet grass be careful when dealing with flames. You should notice a difference almost immediately the atmosphere will feel lighter and you may get a sudden energy rush.

The idea of a banishing ritual is seen throughout history and across the globe. Any culture that has a strong belief in malicious spirits and their ability to interact and affect the living has a type of banishing ritual. However, modern Western culture has designated most banishing rituals as a pagan custom. Spells that banish can vary greatly even from person to person. Yet, they can be relatively simple. The easiest way is to write down the problem on a piece of paper, being as concise and specific as possible. After focusing deeply on the problem written on the paper, you must burn it. Most people prefer to burn using a white candle or by lighting the paper and placing it in a bowl to allow it to burn in a controlled setting.

The use of herbs in certain settings and for certain reasons has been used for centuries. During the Elizabethan era of Tudor England, it was common place to use herbs rather than flowers during ceremonies such as weddings, funerals, or elevations of status to bless the special occasion. Garlic is a protective herb for all evil spirits all you need is a single clove (not a giant bulb) placed at points of entry that need protection, doorways as well as windows. If you are the particular subject of the spirit’s actions instead of just the room, feel free to keep a clove in your pocket. A bag of protection can also be made from herbs that will be helpful. A small amount of cinnamon, five-finger grass, ague weed, and sage in a pouch that you place at thresholds or carry with you will most certainly protect from evil spirits. Sage in general is renowned for its ability to cleanse any malicious presences. Merely burning sage in a doorway and windows of the haunted room are thought to provide a very strong barrier for particular evil spirits while allowing good spirits to pass. Bundles of sage and sweet grass are often used for smudging. Sprigs of Rosemary hung up at the entrances is also known to prevent evil spirits from entering.

Since the majority of spirits that haunt the realm of the living used to be humans themselves, they are probably haunting for a reason acting as a type of counselor to this evil spirit can put the spirit at ease and allow them to pass on to another plane of existence or at least to a state of peaceful being so that they do not wish to bother the living anymore. This can be achieved several ways. Straight forward meditation then asking your questions allowed is the simplest way to speak to a spirit. I would recommend you use an experienced spiritualist medium for this. Do not dabble in Ouija boards I can’t stress this enough as this conjours up negative entities focused on causing mischief and mayhem.

I am often asked about Ouija boards, my advice is and I cannot stress this strongly enough DO NOT go anywhere near them.

Good and evil, light and dark co-exists in the Universe as everything is balanced and if you have read previous articles on this site I have explained this many times but for those who have not, the Universe operates a series of laws and one of the main ones to consider is 'THE LAW OF ATTRACTION' in other words like attracts like, therefore positivity will attract positivity and negativity will attract negativity. The is why positive thought is very important but it also goes with how you live your life, if you walk in the light and strive to be a good kind person, you will attract all that is good towards you, however if you are an evil person you will attract this back to you. This does not mean however there is no hope for you if you have done wrong in the past, far from it, if you genuinely are sorry and aim to make amends you will attract the good to you. You may have heard the old saying, "What goes around comes around", will this is precisely the law of attraction in operation.

When you are beginning to develop psychically or are indeed curious, you begin to open up and use your third eye chakra, when you do so certain malevolent spirits and entities are very aware you are doing this, you give off a signal. Lower energies and spirits who haven't moved on either because they have committed wrong doing or chose to stay on the lower spiritual realms to cause trouble will be attracted to you. If you are pure in thought and a very positive person, you are less likely to attract these, but if shall we say, you're not a very nice person you are much more likely to attract those. Lower entities, come in all shapes and sizes often in the shape of flying creatures and can be very frightening. Now these entities cannot harm you in anyway, they cannot control you, but your negativity and fear feeds them and they will play on this. All you need do is basically tell them with conviction, to 'F*** off' and they will go, but you must override your fear and do it with a strong mind. For everything in the spirit world is controlled and operates on thought.

When you dabble in Ouija boards you will attract these lower entities and malevolent spirits for they think oh I can have a bit of fun here and cause fear and anguish, something they like doing. The other thing they do is to masquerade as the spirit of a loved one to give false messages. One thing spirit of your loved ones DON'T DO is to tell you to do something, as they know we have to live our lives through free will. So if you get a message from someone you know, a deceased love one in spirit telling you to do something, you can guarantee, they are not who they say they care and they are from the dark side.

If you are really interested in communicating with loved ones in spirit go and see and experienced Medium and DO NOT dabble in Ouija boards for all you will do is conjure up the dark and malevolent side






*** The Pentagram is a symbol of a star encased in a circle. Always with 5 points (one pointing upward), each has its own meaning. The upward point of the star is representative of the spirit. The other four points all represent an element; earth, air, fire, and water. All these things contibutite to life and are a part of each of us. FOR PROTECTION OF NEGATIVITY AND EVIL SPIRITS MUST BE WORN OR USED WITH ONE POINT UPWARDS

To wear a pentagram necklace or other form of jewelry, is to say you feel the connection with the elements and respect the earth.

The number 5
The number 5 has always been regarded as mystical and magical, yet essentially 'human'. We have five fingers/toes on each limb extremity.We commonly note five senses - sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. We perceive five stages or initiations in our lives - eg. birth, adolescence, coitus, parenthood and death. (There are other numbers / initiations / stages / attributions).

The number 5 is associated with Mars. It signifies severity, conflict and harmony through conflict. In Christianity, five were the wounds of Christ on the cross. There are five pillars of the Muslim faith and five daily times of prayer.

Five were the virtues of the medieval knight - generosity, courtesy, chastity, chivalry and piety as symbolised in the pentagram device of Sir Gawain. The Wiccan Kiss is Fivefold - feet, knees, womb, breasts, lips - Blessed be.

The number 5 is prime. The simplest star - the pentagram - requires five lines to draw and it is unicursal; it is a continuous loop.

Protection against evil
The pentagram has long been believed to be a potent protection against evil, a symbol of conflict that shields the wearer and the home. The pentagram has five spiked wards and a womb shaped defensive, protective pentagon at the centre.

Five elements
Here are five elements, four of matter (earth, air, fire and water) and THE quintessential - spirit. These may be arrayed around the pentagrams points. The word quintessential derives from this fifth element - the spirit. Tracing a path around the pentagram, the elements are placed in order of density - spirit (or aether). fire, air, water, earth. Earth and fire are basal, fixed; air and water are free, flowing.

The single point upwards signifies the spirit ruling matter (mind ruling limbs); is a symbol of rightness. With two points up and one (spirit) downwards, subservient, the emphasis is on the carnal nature of Man.

The Pentagram As A Christian Symbol
Up until medieval times, the five points of the pentagram represented the five wounds of Christ on the Cross. It was a symbol of Christ the Saviour. This is in stark contrast to today where the pentagram is criticized by modern Fundamentalist Christians, as being a symbol of evil.

The church eventually chose the cross as a more significant symbol for Christianity, and the use of the pentagram as a Christian symbol gradually ceased. -

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THE SUN AND WRINKLES

Yet another article to reinforce what I have been saying about the connection of aging and UV light.

SKIN CARE THE EFFECTS OF UV LIGHT
The effects of ultra-violet on the skin are a mixed blessing!

Some is beneficial, necessary for the formation of vitamin D, some is harmful. Much of what happens to the skin as a result of ultra-violet light is the result of the skin trying to protect itself and the body inside from the harmful effects of an excess of the rays; the skin is quite effective at preventing the rays penetrating deeply into the body.

The Stratum Corneum is a major factor in this prevention (see diagram below)

Reflection of rays by layers of the Stratum Corneum

The Stratum Corneum is maintained at such a thickness that with the ‘usual’ intensity of ultra-violet falling on it, very little passes through and no damage is caused to the live cells beneath. The Stratum Corneum of exposed parts of skin such as the face, neck and hands will be thicker than those parts normally covered by clothing.

However, exposure to higher than normal intensities of ultra-violet will allow sufficient rays to pass through the epidermis possibly to cause damage to the living cells underneath.


Penetration of Ultra-Violet Rays into the Skin

In a skin, which has active melanocytes producing melanin pigment granules, this extra ultra-violet will develop the colour of this melanin, resulting in a Tan.

But not everyone’s skin is in such a state of readiness; their melanocytes may be inactive, as a result damage will be caused to the live cells. The result reddening, discomfort, may be even blisters and peeling i.e. Sunburn.

Regardless, more UVB rays will penetrate to the Stratum Germinativum to stimulate its dividing cells into greater activity, this will produce new epidermal cells at a more rapid rate and this will eventually thicken the Stratum Corneum, thus helping to reflect UV rays.

The general increase in the skin’s metabolism reflects throughout the body in creating ‘a feeling of well-being’.
The physical, physiological and psychological effects of Ultra-Violet

Beneficial effects:
    •    Vitamin D production
    •    Stimulation of Metabolism
    •    Tonic Effect
    •    Has slight Germicidal effect on the skin
    •    Causes hyperkeratinisation (thickening described as above), which is thought to help with some skin conditions such as Acne Vulgaris and Psoriasis.

Screening responses against excess:
    •    Suntanning
    •    The irritant effect of sunburn
    •    The thickening effect of the Stratum Corneum

Damaging effects:


    •    Short term – Sunburn
    •    ***Long term – Premature aging, thickens the epidermis giving a ‘leathery’ appearance, irreversibly damages Collagen and Elastin fibres, causes dehydration, can cause allergic reactions, can produce dark pigmentation patches; Skin Cancer.

Vitamin D Production

A normal varied diet including dairy produce will supply all the vitamin D required; however through sunshine the vitamin may be made in the body with the help of ultra-violet.

In the body there are two substances, which can be converted into vitamin D, these precursor substances are 7-dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol. When vitamin D is required these substances are moved to exposed skin where using ultra-violet energy these substances are converted to Vitamin D.

The potential for making vitamin d in the skin is so enormous that merely exposing the face for less than an hour on an overcast December day will make all that is required for the day, the body is able to regulate this however so a days long sunbathing will not cause over production.




Article below from the DAILY MAIL

Blame the sun for your visible wrinkles: UV rays account for 80 per cent of skin ageing

• Exposure to sunlight is to blame for a majority of skin aging
• Research show that the effect of UV rays on skin increases with age

The sun is responsible for the vast majority of visible ageing, according to new research – another reason  to slather on the sun screen all year round.
UV rays accounted for  80 per cent of skin ageing, including wrinkles, in a study of almost 300 women – half sun-worshippers and half  shy of the sun.
The study also found that a two per cent increase in  skin damage ages a face by three years.

Blame it on the sunshine: UV rays are responsible for 80 per cent of your skin's visible ageing

Long-term UV exposure  can also lead to pigmentation, reduced skin elasticity and a degradation of skin texture, including yellowing.
Various other factors can also change the skin’s appearance and structure, including gravity, the  natural ageing process, pollution, diet, tobacco, illness and stress.
But in the study, reported  in the medical journal Clinical, Cosmetic And Investigational Dermatology, researchers wanted to calculate for the first time the effect of sunlight alone.
Dermatologists examined the faces of 298 women, aged 30 to 78, with 12 experts studying photographs of individual faces on a screen.

Cover up: The sun's damage on the skin increases with age

Another panel of  volunteers also viewed the women’s faces and estimated their age.
The results show that the effect of UV exposure increases with age. Significant differences  were seen in wrinkles and skin-texture quality after  the age of 50, with the  sun-seekers looking older than their real age.
The researchers worked out what they call a ‘sun damage percentage’ and calculated that the sun is responsible for 80.3 per cent of skin ageing.
They also found that  women with 80 per cent damage look their age, while those who have 82 per cent damage look about three years older, and those with  78 per cent damage appear three years younger.
The researchers, from L’Oreal Research and Innovation Center, Paris, said: ‘Our study confirms  the accountability of sun exposure in premature ageing of the face.
‘Our comparison between two groups of women, whose sun behaviour was different, has allowed us to clearly demonstrate the effect of  UV exposure.’
However, the researchers added that sagging in older faces is likely to be linked to the long-term effects of gravity.
Dr Richard Warren, senior clinical lecturer and consultant dermatologist at the University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, said: ‘It is very hard to distinguish accurately between intrinsic [natural] ageing and extrinsic [environmental] ageing, and this study goes some way to addressing the specific impact of the sun on skin.
‘Effective use of sunscreens will not only limit extrinsic skin ageing but will also reduce skin cancer risk.’

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